To date, there have been no reports comparing the effect of a type of music with different frequencies to control anxiety in patients during dental treatment. However, it has been noted that the tones of the 440 Hz tuning frequency can be uncomfortable, irritating and disagreeable, whereas the intervals and tones obtained from the 432 Hz tuning frequency are peaceful, pleasant and more harmonious, 16 suggesting that the A note should be optimally tuned to 432 Hz because it exerts less pressure on the singers’ voices and has greater musical qualities. 11ġ4 According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 15, the pitch standard established for the musical note A is 440 Hz. 10 In this regard, it has been described that music is effective in controlling anxiety. 13 Studies have shown that music significantly reduces saliva cortisol levels during simulated dental care situations, such as showing the patient the carpule syringe needle and exposure to a high-speed dental handpiece sound.
12 One of the most objective and simple ways to measure stress and anxiety is through salivary cortisol. In dentistry, the use of music has proven to reduce the physiological parameters of anxiety in patients during dental cleaning, 8 extractions, 9ġ0 endodontic treatments, 11 and pediatric care. 1Ģ Music therapy has been used as a non-pharmacological method to control anxiety 3Ĥ due to its suppressive action on the sympathetic nervous system, leading to a reduction in both adrenergic activity and neuromuscular activation, 5 Dental care is considered one of the five most commonly feared situations and one of the main reasons for missing dental appointments.
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